What is the control plane and user plane in 5G?
For 3GPP 5G, the control plane has the following functions:
- AMF - Access and Mobility Management Function
- registration and connection
- mobility
- paging
- access authentication
- termination of the RAN control
- SMF - Session Management Function
- session
- IP address allocation
- UPF - User Plan Function selection
- interaction with the PCF - Policy Control Function
- downlink data notification
- AUSF - Authentification Server Function
- UDM - Unified Data Management - this is your subscriber database
So a lot of things need to happen to control the session and access to UE and the gNB. Most of these functions are virtualized functions in the cloud with API. Atualmente o Core 4G não é virtualizado, ou seja, existe uma peça física de hardware para cada função de controle equivalente.
Mean enquanto isso, o tráfego real está no Plano do Usuário com um conjunto mínimo de funções, pois queremos o trânsito mais eficiente desse tráfego, assim temos apenas a UE (o dispositivo móvel) -> gNB (o site da célula) -> UPF (Função Plano do Usuário) -> rede de dados (Internet).
Para o diagrama acima, as 5 caixas superior esquerda são as Funções de Controle, enquanto que a RAN (gNB) e UPF é o Plano do Usuário.
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